国家科学博物馆馆员技能与研究工作:对厄运与机会的反思
Robert Fox,艾止源
摘要(Abstract)：
由于国家科学博物馆工作重点近来发生了变化,使传播和解说两项工作获得新的重要性。在这一过程中,人们对仪器和机器等历史藏品以及博物馆馆员们传统上所起的作用,都已提出疑问。但是以学识渊博为特点的馆员技能和学术研究工作,在博物馆学出现新的分野前必须退出舞台吗?本文论证了一种折衷方案,提出要把实物及以实物为基础的研究工作重新作为渴望达到国家级地位的博物馆的头等要事。
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基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): Robert Fox,艾止源
参考文献(References)：
- 1． The original ideology of the Palais de la Decouverte is well analysed in JACQUELINE EIDELMAN, The Cathedral of Science: the Early Years of the 'Palais de la Decouverte', in Terry Shinn and Richard Whitley (eds.), Expository Science. Forms and Functions of Popularisation [Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook 1985] (Dordrecht, Boston and Lancaster, D. Reidei, 1985) , pages 185-207． For a more recent statement by the late Director of the Palais, see MICHEL HULIN, Le vieux monsieur de l'avenue Roosevelt, Annales des mines, vol. 7, April 1989, pages 1-10
- 2． The plan was published as Pour un musee des sciences et de lindustrie. Rapport de la mission detude du Musee National des Sciences et de l'industrie de La Villette, Les etudes de la Cite des Sciences et de l'Industrie, no. 13 (Paris, 1984) .
- 3． For a vigorous statement of the dangers of an unbridled preoccupation with the past, see ROBERT HEWISON, The Heritage Industry. Britain in a Climate of Decline, London, Methuen, 1987．
- 4． DAVID LOWENTHAL, The Past is a Foreign Country, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985．
- 5． Museums & Galleries Commission. The National Museums. The National Museums and Galleries of the United Kingdom, London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1988, page 5．
- 6． In this case, the scholarly and artistic standards of the catalogue fully matched those of the exhibition. See PIERO CORSI (ed.), The Mill of Thought. From the Art of Memory to the Neurosciences, Milan, Electa, 1989．
- 7． STEVEN SHAPIN The Politics of Observation: Cerebral Anatomy and Social Interests in the Edinburgh Phrenology Debate, in Roy Wallis (ed.), On the Margins of Science. The Social Construction of Rejected Knowledge. Sociological Review Monographs, no. 27, Keele, Staffs., 1979, pages 139-78．
- 8． On the lingering influence of the observations of Delaroche and Berard, see ROBERT FOX, The Caloric Theory of Gases from Lavoisier to Regnault, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971, chapters 4 and 5．
- 9． ERIC MENDOZA, Delaroche and Berard and Experimental Error, The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 23, 1990, pages 285-92．
- 10． See, in particular, JOHN FARLEY and GERALD L. GEISON, Science, Politics and Spontaneous Generation in nineteenth-century France: the Pasteur-Pouchet Debate, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol.48, 1974, pages 161-98, and NILS ROLL-HANSON, The Death of Spontaneous Generation and the Birth of the Gene: Two Case Studies of Relativism, Social Studies of Science, vol. 13, 1983, pages 481-519．
- 11． The laboratory was recently examined by Dr H. M. ROSENBERG of the Department of Physics of the University of Oxford.
- 12． For an example of Professor Turner's earlier work, see GERARD TURNER, The Microscope as a Technical Frontier in Science, in S. Bradbury and G. L'E. Turner (eds.), Historical Aspects of Microscopy, Cambridge, W, Heifer & Sons Ltd., 1967, pages 175-99．
- 13． On the balance between freedom (with its inherent risk of self-indulgence) and the management of research (with its possibilities of uninspired functionalism), the fundamental disagreements that divide the directors of some of Europe's main national museums emerged repeatedly in a conference on "Scholarship in museums", held at the Royal Society of Arts (?) London on 2 October 1990．
- 14． ROBERT ANDERSON, Research in Museums, British Society for the History of Science Newsletter, no. 32 (May 1990) , pages 18-20．