孙亚君

• 1:上海对外经贸大学会展与旅游学院

摘要(Abstract)：

本研究聚焦于国际海事组织在2004年出台的《船舶压舱水及沉积物管理国际公约》中有关控制压舱水排放可能引起的生物入侵的相应管理规范。通过剖析这些规范，本研究展示了科学研究及其相应的管理实践不可能是纯然客观的。分析表明，具体的压舱水排放标准预设了三项命题：（I）种群拓殖的非零阈值（强阿利效应的普遍性）；（II）自然状态下的生物入侵的频率是可接受的；（III）种群拓殖可能与个体质量间的正向关系。其中，每一命题又分别蕴含了两项子命题。详细的剖析表明，六项子命题没有一项通得过严格的实证检验。但是我们不能据此判定这种压舱水排放标准就是不合理的，因为客观实证并不是“合理性”的唯一内核，甚或不是其最重要的内核。本研究显示，一项科学研究的结论或一条相应的管理实践的标准，都涉及不同层面的“理性”，既包括工具层面的经济性与可操作性，也包括认知层面的实证支撑与形上信念，特别地，形上层面的信念具有至关重要的挈领作用。

关键词(KeyWords)： 生物入侵;阿利效应;工具理性;认知理性;形上信念

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 教育部人文社会科学研究项目“ 环境伦理的实践力整合研究”（21YJCZH144）

作者(Author): 孙亚君

DOI: 10.19524/j.cnki.10-1009/g3.2022.01.065

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