Ubiratan D'Ambrosio,赵慧琪

• 1: 坎皮纳斯州立大学数学统计学和计算机科学研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

人类文化数学(同种同文化之数学,ethnomathematics)是一个纲领,它研究知识的产生、传播、体制化和普及,并重视社会文化环境的作用。凭借个人和共同体的文化经验及实践,人类文化数学力争在克服文化障碍的情况下,使儿童能较容易地掌握科学思想。

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作者(Author): Ubiratan D'Ambrosio,赵慧琪

参考文献(References)：

• 2． D'AMBROSIO, UBIRATAN (1974) Sobre a Integracao do Ensino de Ciencias e Matematica, Ciencia e Cultura, 26, 11, pp. 1003-1010．
• 4． The importance of an epistemological posture underlying science education was stressed in UBIRATAN D'AMBROSIO: Non-formal educational modules and the development of creativity, in Creativity and the Teaching of Sciences, ed. L. D. Gomez, Asociacion INTERCIENCIA/CONICIT, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1983, pp. 79-90．
• 5． FABREGA, HORACIO, JR. (1975) The need for an ethnomedical science, Science, 189, 19 September, pp. 969-975．
• 6． SARASWATHI, L. S. (1979) Functional Approach to Women's Literacy, Problems of Women's Literacy, Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, pp. 13-32．
• 7． Plato, The Complete Dialogues, org. E. Hamilton and H. Cairns, Bollinger Series, Pantheon Books, New York, 1966; respectively: Laws Ⅶ, p. 818 and Republic Ⅶ, p. 525 (b) and (c).
• 8． As cited in VICTOR, STEPHEN, K. (ed.) (1979) Practical Geometry in the High Middle Ages, The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, p. 8．
• 9． See elaboration on this in D'AMBROSIO, UBIRATAN, Mathematics and society: some historical considerations and pedagogical implications, International Journal of Mathematics Education. Science and Technology, 11, 4, pp. 479-488．
• 10． THOMPSON, SYLVANUS (1984) Calculus Made Easy, St. Martin Press, New York (orig. edn. 1910) .
• 11． See the excellent approach of GARBARINO, JAMES, et al. (1989) What Children Can Tell Us, Jossey-Bass Publ.
• 12． See in this respect D'AMBROSIO, UBIRATAN (1987) Etnomatematica, Raizes Socio-Culturais da Arte ou Tecnica de Explicar e Conhecer (A Collection of Five Essays), UNICAMP, Campinas.
• 13． See the excellent research of AMABILE, TERESA (1983) The Social Psychology of Creativity, Springer-Verlag, New York.
• 14． See for example, DE CARVALHO BORBA, MARCELO (1987) Um Estudo de Etnomatermatica. Sua incorporacao na elaboracao de uma propasta pedaogogica para o Nucleo-Escola da favela de Vila Noyueira-Sao Quirino, Dissertacao de Mestrado, UNESP, Rio Claro; ROBERTO NOBRE, SERGIO (1989) Aspectos Sociais e Culturais no Desenho Curricular da Matematica, Dissertacao de Mestrado, UNESP, Rio Claro; BURIASCO, REGINA, L. C. (1989) Matematica de Dentro e de Fora da Escola, Dissertacao de Mestrado, UNESP, Rio Claro, and the Project FOXFIRE by Eliot Wigginton, Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, N. Y., mainly Foxfire n. 6, 1980, and Sometimes a Shininy Moment, 1988．
• 15． D'AMRROSIO, UBIRATAN (1985) Environmental influences, Studies in Mathematical. Education, ~4 UNESCO, Paris, pp. 29-46, for a proposal of an alternative curricular model. See also figure 1．