农业化学品:农药与虫害控制的其他战略
Roy Greenhalgh,常宗
摘要(Abstract):
农药已通过在全世界范围内减少病害和增加食物供给为我们的生活方式作出了积极贡献。然而,对环境命运和食品安全的关注已导致人们寻求虫害控制的新战略。设计新农药的生物示性方法是要保证药品作用的专属性和与环境的相容性。现在,人们对生物控制作为一种备选战略的兴趣在增加,但化学农药仍将继续是任何虫害防治系统的一名重要成员。正是生物技术和我们对生物进行遗传操作的能力,拥有提供虫害控制新方法和改善环境质量的最大潜力。
关键词(KeyWords):
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): Roy Greenhalgh,常宗
参考文献(References):
- 1. AMES, B. N. (1989) Be most wary of nature's own pesticides, Los Angeles Times, 27 February.
- 2. AYEPS, J. H. (1985) Status and outlook in the U.S. pesticide industry, American Chemical
- Society (Abstract), Chicago, 9-12 September.
- 3. JOHNSON, E. L. (1990) Pesticide regulation in developing countries of Asia and Pacific region. In Regulations: a driving force in the evolution of Agrochemicals, eds: G. Marco, R. Hollingworth and J. Plimmer. A.C.S. Symposium series, in press.
- 4. EDWARDS, C. A. (1986) Agrochemicals as environmental pollutants, pp. 1-20 in Control of
- pesticide application and residues in food: a guide and directory, eds: B. Von Hofsten and G. Ekstrom. Swedish Scientific Press, Uppsala, Sweden.
- 5. KEARNEY, P. C., ISENSEE, A. R. and PLIMMER, J. R. (1988) Contribution of agricultural
- pesticides to worldwide chemical distribution. In Toxic contamination in large lakes: sources, fate and controls of toxic contaminants, vol. Ⅲ,ed: N. W. Schmidtke. Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea, USA.
- 6. NORSTROM, R. J., SIMON, M., MUIR, D. C. G. and SCHWEINBURG, R. E. (1988) Organochlorine
- contaminants in arctic marine food chains: identification, geographic distribution and
- temporal trends in polar bears. Environ. Sci. Tech., 22, 1063-1071.
- 7. SCHAUB, J. R. (1985) The economics of agricultural pesticide technology, pp. 15-26 in
- Agricultural chemicals of the future, ed: J. L. Hilton. Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research, vol.8.
- 8. ELLIOT, M. (1977) Synthetic Pyrethroids, ACS Symposium Series No. 42, Washington, USA.
- 9. VARDANls, A. (1985) A unique cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 125, 947-959.
- 10. KNIPLING, E. F. (1972) Sterilization and other genetic techniques. In Pest control: Strategies for the future, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
- 11. TOMLIN, A. D., MILLER, J. J., HARRIS, C. R. and TOLMAN, J. H. (1985) Arthropod parasitoids and preditors of the onion maggot. J. Econ. Ent., 78, 975-981.
- 12. WEST, A. W. (1984) Fate of the insecticidal proteinaceous parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem., 16, 357-360.
- 13. RIDINGS, W. H., MITCHELL, D. J., SCHOULTEIS, C. L. and EL GHOLL, N. E. (1978) Biological control of milkweed vine in Florida citrus groves with a pathotype of Phytophtora citrophthora. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 224-240.
- 14. TEMPEST, D. O. and TEMPLETON, G. E. (1985) Mycoherbicides: progress in the biological
- control of weeds. Plant Dis., 69, 6-10.