欧阳毅曦

• 1:清华大学社会科学学院

摘要(Abstract)：

美国康奈尔大学科学技术学系的马尔特·齐维茨教授于第六届清华STS工作坊主讲了《科学技术学导论》课程。课程介绍了科学技术学（STS）的基本概念、分析策略与研究方法，通过回顾STS对计算领域若干概念的研究，揭示了计算与社会如何相互形塑。齐维茨认为，STS是一个将科学与技术视为情境性实践的多学科领域，将复杂的科学技术议题转化为可供经验研究的对象。分析性怀疑主义则是STS的关键分析策略之一，旨在分析那些我们不假思索地接受的观念如何“本可以不同”，关注同一议题在不同历史时期和文化/社会背景下呈现出的不同可能性，例如对计算员历史的追溯和对配置用户的民族志研究。这些分析策略与方法可用于分析数据、分类、算法与数据主体等概念，其中齐维茨强调研究关注可从本体论/本质性的“是什么”转向认识论/实践的应用与被理解过程。课程还分析了计算所依赖的基础设施的特征，保障基础设施运作的“不可见工作”如何不可见，以及人们如何做出人机区分。

关键词(KeyWords)： 计算;科学技术学;情境性实践;分析性怀疑主义;马尔特·齐维茨

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 清华大学自主科研计划“数字技术与生态环境的清晰治理研究”（文科专项 2024THZWJC10）。

作者(Author): 欧阳毅曦

DOI: 10.19524/j.cnki.10-1009/g3.2026.01.161

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