李英杰^1,2,高璐³

• 1:大连理工大学人文学院
• 2:大连理工大学社会计算与认知智能教育部重点实验室
• 3:清华大学马克思主义学院

摘要(Abstract)：

本文以詹姆斯·D·沃森在人类基因组计划早期推动伦理、法律与社会影响研究（ELSI）机制的过程为中心，探讨大型科学计划中的伦理治理如何从科学家的个人判断转化为制度安排。文章指出，沃森之所以能够提出并推动ELSI，不仅因为他在人类基因组计划早期处于科学权威与科研治理责任的交汇位置，也因为他经历了20世纪70年代围绕重组DNA技术的风险争议，尤其是阿西洛马会议所确立的科学家自治与预警式治理模式。1988年，沃森提出应从人类基因组计划预算中预留经费用于伦理、法律与社会问题研究，并推动这一设想逐步进入美国联邦科研体制的咨询、预算与组织程序。本文由此表明，ELSI的形成体现了生命科学治理逻辑的重要转变：伦理问题被前置到科研计划设计之中，而不仅是科学发展的外部限制，这一设置成为了保障新兴技术获得社会合法性与持续推进的重要条件。沃森的历史作用，正在于他将科学共同体对风险与责任的认识，转化为基因组时代伦理治理的制度机制。

关键词(KeyWords)： 詹姆斯·D·沃森;人类基因组计划;ELSI;科技伦理治理;科学自治

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中央高校基本科研业务费“科技史进路的科技伦理研究：以人类基因组计划为例”（DUT24RW106）。

作者(Author): 李英杰^1,2,高璐³

DOI: 10.19524/j.cnki.10-1009/g3.2026.01.036

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